Yahoo Finance provides a wealth of financial data accessible through various URLs. Understanding the structure of these URLs allows users to programmatically retrieve specific information and automate data collection.
Quote Page (Summary Data)
The primary URL for accessing a specific stock’s information is the quote page. It typically follows this format:
https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/{TICKER_SYMBOL}Where `{TICKER_SYMBOL}` is replaced with the stock ticker, e.g., `AAPL` for Apple Inc., `MSFT` for Microsoft, or `GOOG` for Alphabet (Google). This page displays key metrics, news, charts, and other related data for the specified stock.
Historical Data
To retrieve historical stock data (open, high, low, close, adjusted close, volume), you can use the following URL pattern:
https://query1.finance.yahoo.com/v7/finance/download/{TICKER_SYMBOL}?period1={START_TIMESTAMP}&period2={END_TIMESTAMP}&interval={INTERVAL}&events=history&includeAdjustedClose=trueLet’s break down the parameters:
- `{TICKER_SYMBOL}`: The stock ticker (e.g., AAPL).
- `{period1}`: The starting date in Unix timestamp format (seconds since epoch – January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 UTC).
- `{period2}`: The ending date in Unix timestamp format.
- `{interval}`: The data frequency (e.g., `1d` for daily, `1wk` for weekly, `1mo` for monthly).
- `events=history`: Specifies that you want historical data.
- `includeAdjustedClose=true`: Includes the adjusted close price, which accounts for stock splits and dividends.
To get the Unix timestamp for a specific date, you can use online converters. For instance, to get data from January 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023, you would replace `{period1}` and `{period2}` with their respective timestamps.
Other Potential Endpoints
While less commonly used for direct data retrieval, other Yahoo Finance endpoints can be found by exploring the website’s API (which is often undocumented and subject to change). These might include endpoints related to:
- **Earnings:** Information about past and future earnings releases.
- **Financials:** Balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement data.
- **Analysis:** Analyst ratings and price targets.
- **Options:** Data related to options contracts.
It’s important to note that Yahoo Finance’s API is not officially supported, so scraping data from the website may violate their terms of service and could lead to your IP address being blocked. Furthermore, the API structure can change without notice, so scripts relying on specific URLs might break. It’s always best to consult Yahoo’s terms of service and use publicly available APIs (if available) whenever possible.
Libraries in Python (like `yfinance`) exist to simplify interacting with Yahoo Finance’s data. These libraries abstract away the complexities of crafting URLs and parsing the data, but they are also subject to changes based on Yahoo’s underlying infrastructure.
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